Explain the working principle of different transformers in detail

A transformer is a device that contains magnetically coupled coils that are usually electrically isolated from each other, and the transformer transfers power from one circuit to another. How does a transformer work? This article will take you through how different transformers work.

The basic principle of transformer operation is electromagnetic induction (or mutual induction), when two different electrical isolation coils are near, when alternating current is applied to the primary coil, one magnetic field can be linked to the other coil, and the fluctuating magnetic field generated by the magnetic field creates an electromotive force in the secondary coil.

First, the working principle of the booster transformer

A transformer that produces a higher voltage at the secondary than the voltage applied to the primary is a boost transformer.

Transformers use induction between two circuits coupled by a common (fluctuating) magnetic flux (basic principle). When an alternating current (AC) is applied to the primary coil, a fluctuating magnetic field is created, which creates an electromotive force in the secondary coil.

As the (tightened transformer) is greater than the primary coil (n1), the EMF (electromotive force) corresponds to the number of turns. Therefore, the secondary calibration produces a higher voltage relative to the primary coil.

The ratio (K) of the voltage conversion booster transformer is greater than 1 (K>1). K= E2/E1= N2/N1, where K is the transformer ratio, N1 is the number of turns of the primary coil, and N2 is the number of turns of the secondary coil.

Second, the working principle of step-down transformer

Step-down (a type of transformer in a substation) transformer produces a lower voltage on the secondary side of the transformer.

Degrade transformer plants about mutual inductance between two circuits that are electrically isolated from each other but coupled by magnetic flux. When an alternating current (AC) passes through the primary coil, it creates a fluctuating magnetic field, which creates an electromotive force (emf) in the secondary coil.

Since the number of turns of the primary coil (n1) is greater than the number of turns of the secondary coil (n2), that is, n1>n2, the induced electromotive force (emf) is proportional to the number of turns, resulting in a voltage coil (transformer) on the secondary coil lower than the primary voltage.

The step-down transformer has a transformer ratio (K) less than 1 (K<1).

Third, the working principle of the autotransformer

A transformer whose (primary and secondary coil windings) are electrically interconnected is an autotransformer, meaning that it has a single continuous winding shared by the primary and secondary sides of the transformer.

The working principle of an autotransformer is Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction (or mutual induction). According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, when the primary coil is connected to an AC power supply, an electromotive force (EMF) is generated in the primary coil. As with an autotransformer, the primary and secondary coils are in a single continuous winding.

As the voltage ratio per turn remains the same in both windings, EMF will be generated. The secondary voltage generated will be proportional to the number of turns connected to the secondary side of the transformer.

The direct electrical connection between the windings (primary and secondary coils) ensures that part of the energy is transmitted by conduction between the transformer's primary and secondary windings. The amount of winding shared by the primary and secondary sides of the transformer (or autotransformer) is called the common sector. One end of the winding is connected between the power supply and the load, while the other end of the power supply (AC power supply) and the load is connected to the wiring strip along the winding.

When the AC power supply is connected to the transformer winding, the autotransformer can be a step-down transformer. The load is connected by a lug that spans a relatively small part of the winding.

Fourth, the working principle of microwave transformer

Microwave transformers are robust, inexpensive, and produce high-voltage arcing. Microwave transformers work the same way as other transformers.

Microwave (oven) transformers have three (1 primary and 2 secondary) windings. When an electric current passes through the magnetron, electrons are affected to produce microwave radiation. When the magnetron (oven) transformer of the microwave oven is working, the alternating current flowing through the secondary winding (or coil) of the (microwave) transformer causes the core to produce magnetic saturation; As the anode voltage of the magnetron rises. The anode current also increases with increasing current through the secondary winding, reinforcing magnetic separation and increasing magnetic leakage flux, resulting in high secondary voltages in the transformer.

The working principle of the output transformer

The output transformer blocks the DC and allows the AC signal to pass through.

An output transformer is an electromagnetic device that uses the principles of Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction to isolate the input circuit from the output flow while filtering the AC signal through the magnetic coupling between the input and output circuits.

The output transformer can be used to increase or decrease the applied voltage through the input circuit to the output circuit.

Six, the working principle of flyback transformer

Flyback transformers (which produce sawtooth signals) are also considered line output transformers. This transformer can be excited by DC voltage. It can transmit energy as well as store it.

The basic working principle of flyback transformer is mutual inductance. In this transformer, a diode is linked to the secondary coil in series (basic) transformer and a capacitor in parallel with the load.

The primary coil is connected to the DC power supply together with the switch. When the switch is on, (DC) current flows through the primary circuit of the transformer and excites the primary coil. The primary coil ramp (a steady rise in voltage) is generated by the primary inductance, which is stored in the form of magnetic energy between the inductance gaps (between coils) of the transformer. The diode is in series with the secondary coil of the transformer and is in reverse bias, limiting the formation of current in the secondary circuit.

When the switch is off, the primary current drops to zero and the energy stored in the gap is released and transferred to the secondary coil, causing the output voltage to rise rapidly as the voltage changes to a forward bias.

Seven, the working principle of the transformer

A booster transformer is used to regulate voltage levels, and it can be used to make small changes to the applied voltage, up to 30%.

The lift transformer has four windings that can be connected in different ways as needed. It is based on the principle of mutual inductance between magnetically coupled coils. The (output) voltage produced by the step-up transformer is a function of the input voltage. If the input voltage changes, the output voltage will change by the same percentage. Depending on the connection between the coils, the transformer can increase or decrease the voltage.