What are the functions of the transformer structure and its components? Do you know anything that detailed?

The transformer is mainly composed of iron core, coil, insulation material, oil tank, oil storage tank, insulating sleeve, tap changer and gas relay, radiator and so on

1. Iron core

The core is made of superimposed silicon steel sheets, usually 0.35 mm thick or thinner, which are coated with insulating paint to reduce eddy current losses. The core provides a low-resistance magnetic circuit for the flux, enhancing flux coupling and reducing magnetic loss. Provide mechanical support for transformer windings.

2. Winding

Primary and secondary windings: Depending on the use of the transformer, the number of turns of the primary and secondary windings is different to achieve different voltage transformations. The winding is usually made of insulated copper or aluminum wire. Through electromagnetic induction, the electric energy of the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding to realize the conversion of voltage and current. Electrical isolation between high and low voltage windings ensures safety.

3. Insulation material

Insulating paper, insulating paint, etc. : used for insulation between windings and between windings and iron cores.

Electrical isolation: prevent short circuit between windings to ensure the normal operation of the transformer.

Heat dissipation: helps heat dissipation and prevents overheating from damaging the transformer.

4. Oil tank (oil-immersed transformer)

Steel tank: Containing transformer oil, usually mineral oil. Transformer oil dissipates heat by convection, taking away the heat generated during transformer operation. On the other hand, oil is used as an insulating medium to improve insulation performance and prevent electrical breakdown.

5. Oil pillow (Expander)

It is mounted on top of the tank and is usually connected to the tank by a pipe. When the volume of transformer oil expands or shrinks with the temperature of the oil, the oil storage tank plays the role of oil storage and oil replenishment, so as to ensure that the tank is filled with oil. At the same time, due to the installation of an oil storage tank, the transformer reduces the contact surface with the air and reduces the deterioration rate of the oil. The side of the oil storage tank is also equipped with an oil level gauge (oil marker tube), from which the oil level can be monitored.

In the oil storage cabinet of some transformers, an oil-resistant nylon rubber sac is placed. The outside is oil, the inside is air, and the oil is isolated from the air by the film to slow the deterioration of the oil.

There is also a small tube connected between the oil storage tank and the explosion-proof tube, so that the air pressure of the two places is the same, the oil level is the same, and the wrong operation of the gas relay is avoided due to the change of the oil level.

6. Radiator (cooling system)

Plate radiator or tube radiator: installed outside the tank, by natural cooling or forced air cooling, forced oil cooling. Speed up the cooling of the transformer oil to keep the transformer operating within the safe temperature range.

7. Protection device

Explosion-proof pipe: installed in the upper part of the fuel tank. The trumpet shaped pipe communicates with the oil storage tank or the atmosphere, and the pipe mouth is sealed by a thin film. When there is a fault in the transformer, the oil temperature rises, the oil is violently decomposed to produce a large amount of gas, so that the pressure in the tank increases sharply, then the explosion-proof tube film is broken, and the oil and gas are ejected from the pipe mouth to prevent the transformer tank explosion or deformation.

Temperature controller: Monitor transformer temperature to prevent overheating.

The pressure relief valve releases pressure when the internal oil pressure is too high to prevent the tank from exploding.

8. Lead and casing

High voltage bushing and low voltage bushing: made of insulating material, used to connect the wires from the winding inside the transformer to the external circuit.

Electrical connection: Electrical connection of the internal winding of the transformer to the external circuit.

Insulation protection: Ensure that the lead maintains good electrical insulation as it passes through the transformer housing.